What is Travertine?


Travertine Quarry in Denizli, Turkey

Travertine Quarry in Denizli, Turkey

 

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What is Travertine?

Travertine is a natural stone such as Marble, Granite, Onyx, Limestone, Slate etc. The key difference between Travertine and other natural stones lies in the formation of the rock, the hardness of the stone and the appearance. Travertine is formed in hot springs and/or limestone caves. Travertine is not the same as Marble or Limestone which falls in the metamorphic rock category. Key characteristics of Travertine stone are the holes within the stone which are caused by carbon dioxide evasion.

What is Travertine

What is a Travertine Quarry?

A travertine quarry is nothing more than a mine for Travertine stone. Most quarries are huge and look like open large pits. Travertine rocks are dug up in quarries and broken down into travertine blocks which are then transported to factories for the purpose of cutting. After cutting the blocks into slabs, tiles, pavers, mosaics etc. the proper Travertine finish is applied.

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How is Travertine imported into the USA?

Most of the Travertine found in the USA comes directly with ships from Turkey in form of containers. There are many ocean freight services which transport this material across the Atlantic ocean. It takes the ships approx. 6 weeks to arrive from Turkey. 95% of the Travertine containers arrive at the Port of Miami. Next they are distributed from the port to several different warehouses and wholesalers via freight forwarders.

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What is the difference between premium grade travertine, commercial grade or A grade?

The grade of travertine is most of the time determined based on the holes within the stone. Holes within Travertine stone are part of the stones nature and criteria. Within the travertine industry today, the rule of the thumb is ...the less holes there are within travertine stone, the higher the quality. Travertine pavers with barely any holes in it are considered A Grade or Premium Grade quality while porous stone with a lot of holes in it (looking like a sponge) is considered commercial quality. Obviously price differences apply. Also keep in mind that there are Travertine tiles which come with a honed and filled finish. A filled travertine finish indicates that the holes were filled. Since the filling is always the same color throughout the tile it is fairly easy to tell apart the filling. In these cases, the difference between Premium Grade and Commercial grade lies in the amount of filling used. A honed and filled travertine tile with a whole lot of filling is considered of lower quality compared to a tile with minimal filling.

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What is the difference between Travertine Tiles and Travertine Pavers?

Travertine Tiles are used for indoor projects such as floors and walls while Travertine pavers are primarily used for outdoors such as driveways, pool decks, patio areas and walk ways. Travertine tiles are 0.5'' thick while the standard thickness for Travertine pavers is 1 1/4''.

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What is a Travertine French Pattern Set?

A Travertine french pattern set covers exactly 8 sqf and consists of the following pieces. 1 piece 16x24, 2 pieces 16x16, 1 piece 16x8 and 2 pieces 8x8. The french pattern set is often referred to as Versailles Pattern or Leonardo Pattern and exists for Tiles and Pavers.

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Which pieces do Travertine Jumbo Patterns consist of?

A travertine jumbo pattern carries the following sizes: 24x36", 24x24", 18x24", 18x18"

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Which colors do Travertine Tiles, Pavers, Mosaics etc. come in?

Some of the most popular colors are Ivory, Beige, Walnut colors (light, medium, dark), Noche (Dark brown), Silver and Gold. Combinations of these colors are also possible. Colors variations and color name variations are quite common within the Travertine industry i.e. Cream, Cappuccino, Chocolate

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What finish is applied to Travertine Products?

Travertine products usually have the following finishes: Tumbled, Honed, Brushed, Filled, Filled & Honed, Chiseled, Bush Hammered, Polished
Chiseled Travertine refers to the edges while all the other finishes refer to the actual surface. Combinations are also possible such as Chiseled & Honed, Chiseled & Brushed or Honed & Filled & Chiseled.

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How thick is a Travertine Tile?

A standard travertine tile is 0.5'' inches thick

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How thick are Travertine Pavers?

Standard Travertine Pavers in the USA are 1 1/4'' thick. Pavers can also be 2'' thick or more.

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What is a Travertine Bullnose?

Travertine bullnose is a term used in combination with Travertine Pool Copings. It implies that 1 side of the stone is rounded off. Double Bullnose Copings also exist and imply 2 rounded off sides.

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What is a Travertine Medallion?

A Travertine Medallion is a floor center piece or wall decoration piece crafted out of Travertine stone. Most Medallions are build using Travertine Mosaic pieces and broken travertine stones.

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What are the most popular sizes and patterns for Travertine Mosaics?

Travertine Mosaics come in all kinds of sizes and all kinds of color and shape variations. Some of the most popular sizes are 1x1, 1x2, 2x2, 2x4, 4x4. There are really no standards when it comes to Mosaics. Mosaics can be created in almost any size. Some of the most popular mosaic patterns are: Regular (square), Spiral, Herringbone, Stagger (Brick) and Sticks.

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How large is a Travertine Pool Tile?

Travertine Pool Tiles usually come in sizes 4x4 and 6x6.

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What Travertine Floor Tile sizes are most popular in the USA?

The most popular sizes for indoor Travertine Tiles are French Pattern, 12x12, 16X16 and 18x18. 24x24 travertine tiles are also gaining popularity among American homes. Some folks even use travertine tiles for pool decks in order to cut down on the material cost, since tiles are usually cheaper than pavers.

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What is the difference between Cross Cut and Vein Cut Travertine?

99% of the travertine which you see online or displayed throughout retail locations such as flooring companies, pool builders, home improvement companies etc. is by default cross cut. This refers to the default way of cutting the travertine blocks which are harvested from the quarry. In order to produce vein cut travertine, the travertine blocks are rotated and the cuts take place across the vein. Think of it as cutting a tree. You can cut a tree vertically or horizontally. If you cut it vertically, the veins come out, same with Travertine.

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What is a Travertine Remodeling Coping?

Travertine Remodeling Copings can be placed on top of existing pool copings opposed to having to remove your current pool copings while remodeling your pool. Using remodeling pool copings can be more cost effective during your pool remodeling process but the drawback is that you can only remodel once. Should you decide to remodel again, obviously you'd have to remove the existing remodeling copings. In other words, you can not place a remodeling coping on top of another remodeling coping.

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What size does a Travertine Pool Remodeling Coping come in?

The most popular sizes for Pool Remodeling Copings are 4x9x4 and 12x12x4.

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What is the most popular Travertine Paver size in the US?

Depending on the region, one of the most popular size for Travertine Pavers is 6x12. Other paver sizes also exist such as 4x8, 12x12, 12x24, 16x16, 16x24, 24x24 and even 36x36. But none of these sizes are as popular as the compact 6x12 travertine paver which finds it's primary home on American driveways and around pool borders.

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What size Travertine Pool Copings are on the market?

The most popular Pool Copings come in sizes: 4x9, 6x12, 12x12 and 12x24. Most Copings have a tumbled finish while some have a honed finish. Coping are the same thickness as travertine pavers: 1 1/4''. Pool Copings which are 2'' thick are available as well. Further, any travertine paver can be turned into a travertine coping using a coping machine. Pavers are fed into the coping machine which creates a paver with a round side. A travertine paver with one round side is also referred to as a Single Bullnose Coping while pavers with both sides rounded off are called Double Bullnose Copings.

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What are the most popular uses of Travertine?

History teaches us that there are no limits when it comes to the usage of Travertine stone. Even before Christ, Travertine used to be among the top building stones in Ancient Greek and Rome. Romans took advantage of Travertine for various constructions projects such as buildings and temples, aqueducts, baths, stairs, steps, and amphitheaters such as the Colosseum, the largest building in the world constructed mostly of travertine. Travertine was also used for sculptures and monuments. Even today in the 21st century, Travertine stone is being used for a huge variety of indoor and outdoor projects. There are no exact design guidelines when it comes to travertine. It can be used practically anywhere to enhance any area. The most popular uses in the US include but are not limited to the following.

Most common indoor travertine usage in the US:

  • Floors and Walls
  • Stairs & Steps
  • Bathroom & Showers
  • Countertops & Backsplashes
  • Travertine Sinks & Vessels
  • Medallions
  • Fireplaces
  • Indoor Split Face Walls

travertine-indoor-usage-samples

 

Most common outdoor travertine usage in the US:

  • Pool Decks
  • Pool Steps
  • Driveways
  • Patios
  • Walk-ways
  • Outdoor Fireplaces
  • House Walls
  • Outside Stairs

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How much does a travertine pallet weigh?

A standard Travertine Pallet, which is packed with 1 1/4'' thick pavers and has the dimensions 48'' (length) x 24'' (width) x 37'' (height) holds up to 200 sqf of material and weighs between 3100 and 3200 lbs. The pallets which are used for transporting 16x16 or 16x24 travertine pavers can hold up to 267 sqf of material and weigh up to 4250 lbs. These are critical numbers for logistic calculations. A full truck load of travertine pavers would imple 15 x 200 sqf pallets which can weigh up to the max load of 48,000 lbs and cover an area of 3,000 sqf.

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What is the weight of a travertine crate?

A standard Travertine crate, which is packed with 0.5'' thick tiles and has the dimensions 4' x 3' x 4' can hold up to 2100-2200 lbs of Travertine tiles. The most common use of travertine crates is for the transport of 18x18 and french pattern tiles which is two of the most demanded travertine tile sizes in the USA. 99% of the time, travertine crates contain 160 pieces of 18x18 tiles which covers and area of 360 sqf. The french pattern tiles are packaged into bundles of 8 sqf which is referred to as a French Pattern Set. There are 52 sets per crate which covers a total area of 416 sqf. French pattern crates can weigh up to 2500 lbs.

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How many sqf (square feet) fit on a Travertine Pallet?

Pallets are used to transport Travertine Pavers long and short distances. While most French Pattern aka. Ashlar Pattern aka. Versailles Pattern pallets (48'' x 24'' x 37'') contain 200 sqf of pavers, you may also encounter pallets which contain 176 sqf or 208 sqf. The largest travertine pallets can hold up to 100 pieces of 16x24 pavers which is equal to 267 sqf with a total weight of 4500 lbs. .

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How many sqf (square feet) can fit into a Travertine Crate?

Crates are used to transport Traverine Tiles and Mosaics. Crates differ in size. Some crates can contain up to 54 boxes of traverine mosaics which will cover an area of 540 sqf. Most crates however will either carry 360 sqf of 18x18 tiles or 416 sqf of french pattern tiles since these are the single most popular sizes for travertine tiles in the USA.

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How many crates / pallets are part of a Travertine Container?

A standard Travertine Container contains up to 19 pallets of pavers or up to 24 crates of tiles . travertine-container

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What is a Travertine Pencil or Travertine Ogee?

These are Travertine molding pieces which are most often used for borders. Pencil sizes are usually 0.5 x 12 or 1 x 12. The most common size for a Travertine Ogee is 2 x 12. Other Travertine Molding pieces include but are not limited to: Chairrails, Bases, Crowns and Mulduras. travertine-ogee-travertine-pencil

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What is a Travertine Corner Shelf?

Travertine Corner Shelves are most often used in Showers. An oval area in the middle allows for placement of soaps, shampoos etc. travertine-corner-shelf

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Can Travertine be used outdoors in ice-cold, freezing temperatures?

Yes, it can be but it's not necessarily recommended. Due to the nature of travertine, the holes in the stone are likely to absorb water which freezes during ice-cold temperatures and is likely to cause the pavers to crack. Paver installers tend to grout porous pavers and recommend premium grade material in order to avoid most of these possible cracks. travertine-winter

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What is the best way to get Travertine delivered to my home?

Due to the weight of the material, Travertine is delivered with semis and flatbeds. The best way to have Travertine delivered is with a flatbed which has a forklift in the back. This is referred to as a Piggyback or Moffett. This has the advantage of being able to maneuver around the pallets or crates anywhere around your premises and place the material as close as possible to your job site.

If you are building a pool deck in the back of your home, the delivery companies can place the pallets or crates right next to your pool deck by using the forklift opposed to curbside delivery which could be achieved with a truck that has a liftgate.

If you require long distance delivery (states outside of Florida), the most cost effective solution is to have your order delivered to a business location which has a loading dock and a forklift on premises. Business to business deliveries are more affordable than Business to Residence deliveries. Further if you can unload yourself opposed to requiring a truck with a liftgate or a Flatbed with a Forklift (piggyback, moffett) you can - most of the time - save significant transportation cost as well.

Another option would be to have your order delivered to a close-by truck terminal. Terminals are equipped with loading docks and forklifts and will even store your order for a certain period of time. The drawback is that you'd have to arrange for delivery from the terminal to your residence. If you have an installation crew for your indoor or outdoor project in mind, please consult with them in regards to travertine delivery. A lot of these businesses are willing to accept delivery of the material. For more information about this subject, please review my travertine delivery guide.
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How often does Travertine need to be sealed?

There are no strict guidelines in regards to the sealing of Travertine. It's a personal preference and depends on various aspects. For example, the quality of the sealer plays an important role. Some sealers include color enhancers, others are water based. If you are sealing a high traffic area such as a busy floor which is used on a daily basis, the sealer may not last as long opposed to sealed travertine wall tiles. You can get away with sealing travertine once every couple years while some areas may require more frequent sealing. Some people don't to seal at all although. My rule of the thumb is as follows. If you splash water on the tile or paver and the stone color becomes significantly more vibrant, it's probably time for a round of sealing. Travertine-unsealed-vs-travertine-sealed

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What is Travertine Split Face?

Travertine Split Face has a rough surface and usually comes in a free length size in boxes of 5.5 sqf with an assortment of 4 different sizes: 4x4, 4x8, 4x12, 4x16. Free length split face is as thick as a travertine paver and finds it's main usage on outdoor walls. Splitface though can be used indoors and outdoors. Some interior designers prefer to apply split face layers in between wall tiles to create additional contrast. Split face mosaics are available as well in sizes 1x1, 1x2, 2x4 and various different colors such as ivory, noche, gold, silver, scabos, multi-color etc. what-is-travertine-split-face

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What is a Travertine slab?

Travertine slabs refer to large pieces of Travertine which are i.e. custom cut with CNC machines to produce counter tops. Travertine slabs are usually 2-5 cm (centimeters) thick. The width of a slab is up to 67", the length of a travertine slab is up to 115". Travertine slabs are usually exported by the bundle. Travertine-slabs

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